Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
Erich Fromm is an interesting and important theorist for our project. More will be said here in the future. For now, this is a comprehensive bibliography of his English language books: 34 total volumes; 12 posthumous.
Erich Fromm Bibliography, English Works
1941. Escape from Freedom. Rinehart & Company.
1947. Man for Himself: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Ethics. Rinehart & Company.
1950. Psychoanalysis and Religion. Yale University Press.
1951. The Forgotten Language: An Introduction to the Understanding of Dreams, Fairy Tales, and Myths. Rinehart & Company.
1955. The Sane Society. Rinehart & Company.
1956. The Art of Loving. Harper & Row.
1959. Sigmund Freud’s Mission: An Analysis of His Personality and Influence. Harper & Row.
1960. Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis. Harper & Row.
1961. May Man Prevail? An Inquiry into the Facts and Fictions of Foreign Policy. Doubleday & Co.
1961. Marx’s Concept of Man. Frederick Ungar, Pub.
1962. Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud. Simon & Schuster.
1963. The Dogma of Christ and Other Essays on Religion, Psychology, and Culture. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
1964. The Heart of Man: Its Genius for Good and Evil. Harper & Row.
1965. Socialist Humanism: An International Symposium. Erich Fromm, ed. Doubleday & Co.
1966. You Shall Be as Gods: A Radical Interpretation of the Old Testament and Its Tradition. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
1968. The Revolution of Hope: Toward a Humanized Technology. Harper & Row.
1968. The Nature of Man: Readings Selected, Edited, and Furnished with an Introductory Essay by Erich Fromm and Ramón Xirau. Macmillon Pub. Co.
1970. The Crisis of Psychoanalysis: Essays on Freud, Marx, and Social Psychology. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
1970. Social Character in a Mexican Village: A Sociopsychoanalytic Study. Erich Fromm and Michael Maccoby. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1973. The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
1976. To Have or to Be? Harper & Row.
1980. Greatness and Limitations of Freud’s Thought. Harper & Row.
1981. On Disobedience and Other Essays. The Seabury Press.
1984. The Working Class in Weimar Germany: A Psychological and Sociological Study. Berg Publishers Limited.
1986. For the Love of Life. Hans Jürgen Schultz, ed. The Free Press.
1992. The Revision of Psychoanalysis. Rainer Funk, ed. Westview Press.
1992. The Art of Being. Continuum International Publishing Group.
1994. The Art of Listening. Rainer Funk, ed. Constable & Co.
1994. On Being Human. Rainer Funk, ed. Continuum.
1995. The Essential Erich Fromm: Life Between Having and Being. Rainer Funk, ed. Continuum.
1997. Love, Sexuality, and Matriarchy: About Gender. Rainer Funk, ed. Fromm International Publishing Co.
1999. The Erich Fromm Reader. Rainer Funk, ed. Humanity Books.
2010. Beyond Freud: From Individual to Social Psychoanalysis. American Mental Health Foundation Books.
2010. The Pathology of Normalcy. American Mental Health Foundation Books.
Erich Fromm Bibliography, English Works (with Chapter Titles)
1941. Escape from Freedom. Rinehart & Company.
Foreword.
I. Freedom--A Psychological Problem?
II. The Emergence of the Individual and the Ambiguity of Freedom.
III. Freedom in the Age of Reformation.
1. Medieval Background and the Renaissance.
2. Period of the Reformation.
IV. The Two Aspects of Freedom for Modern Man.
V. Mechanisms of Escape.
1. Authoritarianism.
2. Destructiveness.
3. Automaton Conformity.
VI. Psychology of Nazism.
VII. Freedom and Democracy.
1. The Illusion of Individuality.
2. Freedom and Spontaneity.
Appendix: Character and the Social Process.
Index.1947. Man for Himself: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Ethics. Rinehart & Company.
Foreword.
I. The Problem.
II. Humanistic Ethics: The Applied Science of the Art of Living.
1. Humanistic vs. Authoritarian Ethics.
2. Subjectivistic vs. Objectivistic Ethics.
3. The Science of Man.
4. The Tradition of Humanistic Ethics.
5. Ethics and Psychoanalysis.
III. Human Nature and Character.
1. The Human Situation.
a. Man's Biological Weakness.
b. The Existential and the Historical Dichotomies in Man.
2. Personality.
a. Temperament.
b. Character.
(1) The Dynamic Concept of Character.
(2) The Types of Character: Nonproductive Orientations.
(a) The Receptive Orientation.
(b) The Exploitative Orientation.
(c) The Hoarding Orientation.
(d) The Marketing Orientation.
(3) The Productive Orientation.
(a) General Characteristics.
(b) Productive Love and Thinking.
(4) Orientations in the Process of Socialization.
(5) Blends of Various Orientations.
IV. Problems of Humanistic Ethics.
1. Selfishness, Self-Love, and Self-Interest.
2. Conscience, Man's Recall to Himself.
a. Authoritarian Conscience.
b. Humanistic Conscience.
3. Pleasure and Happiness.
a. Pleasure as a Criterion of Value.
b. Types of Pleasure.
c. The Problem of Means and Ends.
4. Faith as a Character Trait.
5. The Moral Powers in Man.
a. Man, Good or Evil?
b. Repression vs. Productiveness.
c. Character and Moral Judgement.
6. Absolute vs. Relative, Universal vs. Socially Immanent Ethics.
V. The Moral Problem of Today.
Index.1950. Psychoanalysis and Religion. Yale University Press.
Foreword.
I. The Problem.
II. Freud and Jung.
III. An Analysis of Some Types of Religious Experience.
IV. The Psychoanalyst as "Physician of the Soul."
V. Is Psychoanalysis a Threat to Religion?1951. The Forgotten Language: An Introduction to the Understanding of Dreams, Fairy Tales, and Myths. Rinehart & Company.
Foreword.
I. Introduction.
II. The Nature of Symbolic Language.
III. The Nature of Dreams.
IV. Freud and Jung.
V. The History of Dream Interpretation.
1. Early Nonpsychological Interpretation of Dreams.
2. The Psychological Interpretation of Dreams.
VI. The Art of Dream Interpretation.
VII. Symbolic Language in Myth, Fairy Tale, Ritual and Novel.
1. The Oedipus Myth.
2. The Myth of Creation.
3. Little Red-Cap.
4. The Sabbath Ritual.
5. Kafka's "The Trial."1955. The Sane Society. Rinehart & Company.
Foreword.
1. Are We Sane?
2. Can a Society be Sick?--The Pathology of Normalcy.
3. The Human Situation--The Key to Humanistic Psychoanalysis.
The Human Situation.
Man's Needs--as They Stem from the Conditions of His Existence.
A. Relatedness vs. Narcissism.
B. Transcendence--Creativeness vs. Destructiveness.
C. Rootedness--Brotherliness vs. Incest.
D. Sense of Identity--Individuality vs. Herd Conformity.
E. The Need for a Frame of Orientation and Devotion--Reason vs. Irrationality.
4. Mental Health and Society.
5. Man in Capitalistic Society.
The Social Character.
The Structure of Capitalism and the Character of Man.
A. Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Capitalism.
B. Nineteenth-Century Capitalism.
C. Twentieth-Century Society.
1. Social and Economic Changes.
2. Characterological Changes.
a. Quantification, Abstractification.
b. Alienation.
c. Various Other Aspects.
i. Anonymous Authority--Conformity.
ii. The Principle of Nonfrustration.
iii. Free Association and Free Talk.
iv. Reason, Conscience, Religion.
v. Work.
vi. Democracy.
3. Alienation and Mental Health.
6. Various Other Diagnoses.
Nineteenth Century.
Twentieth Century.
7. Various Answers.
Authoritarian Idolatry.
Super-Capitalism.
Socialism.
8. Roads to Sanity.
General Considerations.
Economic Transformation.
A. Socialism as a Problem.
B. The Principle of Communitarian Socialism.
C. Socio-Psychological Objections.
D. Interest and Participation as Motivation.
E. Practical Suggestions.
Political Transformation.
Cultural Transformation.
9. Summary--Conclusion.
Index.1956. The Art of Loving. Harper & Row.
Foreword.
I. Is Love an Art?
II. The Theory of Love.
1. Love, the Answer to the Problem of Human Existence.
2. Love Between Parent and Child.
3. The Objects of Love.
a. Brotherly Love.
b. Motherly Love.
c. Erotic Love.
d. Self-Love.
e. Love of God.
III. Love and Its Disintegration in Contemporary Western Society.
IV. The Practice of Love.1959. Sigmund Freud’s Mission: An Analysis of His Personality and Influence. Harper & Row.
I. Freud's Passion for Truth and His Courage.
II. His Relationship to His Mother; Self-Confidence and Insecurity.
III. Freud's Relationship to Women; Love.
IV. His Dependence on Men.
V. His Relationship to His Father.
VI. Freud's Authoritarianism.
VII. Freud, the World Reformer.
VIII. The Quasi-Political Character of the Psychoanalytic Movement.
IX. Freud's Religious and Political Convictions.
X. Summary and Conclusion.1960. Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis. Harper & Row.
"Foreword," by Erich Fromm.
"Lectures on Zen Buddhism," by D.T. Suzuki.
I. East and West.
II. The Unconscious in Zen Buddhism.
III. The Concept of the Self in Zen Buddhism.
IV. The Koan.
V. The Five Steps.
"Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism," by Erich Fromm.
I. Today's Spiritual Crisis and the Role of Psychoanalysis.
II. Values and Goals in Freud's Psychoanalytic Concepts.
III. The Nature of Well-Being--Man's Psychic Evolution.
IV. The Nature of Consciousness, Repression, and De-Repression.
V. Principles of Zen Buddhism.
VI. De-Repression and Enlightenment.
"The Human Situation and Zen Buddhism," by Richard de Martino.
Index.1961. May Man Prevail? An Inquiry into the Facts and Fictions of Foreign Policy. Doubleday & Co.
Preface.
Chapter One: Some General Premises.
I. Anticipatory Versus Catastrophic Change.
II. Historical Origins of the Present Crisis and Perspectives for the Future.
III. Sane Versus Pathological Thinking in Politics.
Chapter Two: The Nature of the Soviet System.
I. The Revolution--A Hope that Failed.
II. Stalin's Transformation of the Communist, into a Managerial Revolution.
III. The Khrushchevist System.
a. The End of the Terror.
b. The Socio-economic Structure.
c. Education and Morals.
Chapter Three: Is World Domination the Aim of the Soviet Union?
I. Is the Soviet Union a Socialist System?
II. Is the Soviet Union a Revolutionary-Imperialist System?
a. The Soviet Union as a Revolutionary Power and the Role of the Comintern.
b. The Soviet Union as an Imperialist Power.
Chapter Four: The Meaning and Function of Communist Ideology.
Chapter Five: The Chinese Problem.
Chapter Six: The German Problem.
Chapter Seven: Suggestions for Peace.
I. Peace by Deterrent; Armaments and Alliances.
II. American-Russian Alliance Against China and the Colonial Peoples.
III. A Proposal for Peace.
a. Universal Controlled Disarmament.
b. American-Russian Modus Vivendi on the Basis of the Status Quo.
IV. Conclusions.1961. Marx’s Concept of Man. Frederick Ungar, Pub.
Preface.
"Marx's Concept of Man," by Erich Fromm.
1. The Falsification of Marx's Concepts.
2. Marx's Historical Materialism.
3. The Problem of Consciousness, Social Structure, and the Use of Force.
4. The Nature of Man.
5. Alienation.
6. Marx's Concept of Socialism.
7. The Continuity in Marx's Thought.
8. Marx the Man.
"Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts," by Karl Marx. Translated by T.B. Bottomore.
Translator's Note.
Preface.
First Manuscript: "Alienated Labor."
Second Manuscript: "The Relationship of Private Property."
Third Manuscript: "Private Property and Labor."
"Private Property and Communism."
"Needs, Production and Division of Labor."
"Money."
"Critique of Hegel's Dialectic and General Philosophy."
From German Ideology, by Karl Marx.
"Preface to a Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy," by Karl Marx.
"Introduction to a Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law. Critique of Religion," by Karl Marx.
"Reminiscences of Marx," by Paul Lafargue.
"Jenny Marx to Joseph Weydemeyer."
"Karl Marx," by Eleanor Marx-Aveling.
"Confession," by Karl Marx.
"Karl Marx's Funeral," by Frederick Engels.
"Afterword," by Erich Fromm.1962. Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud. Simon & Schuster.
I. Some Personal Antecedents.
II. The Common Ground.
III. The Concept of Man and His Nature.
IV. Human Evolution.
V. Human Motivation.
VI. The Sick Individual and the Sick Society.
VII. The Concept of Mental Health.
VIII. Individual and Social Character.
IX. The Social Unconscious.
X. The Fate of Both Theories.
XI. Some Related Ideas.
XII. Credo.1963. The Dogma of Christ and Other Essays on Religion, Psychology, and Culture. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Foreword.
The Dogma of Christ.
The Present Human Condition.
Sex and Character.
Psychoanalysis--Science or Party Line?
The Revolutionary Character.
Medicine and the Ethical Problem of Modern Man.
On the Limitations and Dangers of Psychology.
The Prophetic Concept of Peace.1964. The Heart of Man: Its Genius for Good and Evil. Harper & Row.
Foreword.
1. Man--Wolf or Sheep?
2. Different Forms of Violence.
3. Love of Death and Love of Life.
4. Individual and Social Narcissism.
5. Incestuous Ties.
6. Freedom, Determinism, Alternativism.1965. Socialist Humanism: An International Symposium. Edited by Erich Fromm. Doubleday & Co.
"Introduction," by Erich Fromm.
I. On Humanism.
Veliko Korać: "In Search of Human Society."
Ivan Sviták: "The Sources of Socialist Humanism."
Bogdan Suchodolski: "Renaissance Humanism and Marxian Humanism."
Lucien Goldmann: "Socialism and Humanism."
Léopold Senghor: "Socialism is a Humanism."
Raya Dunayevskaya: "Marx's Humanism Today."
Mihailo Marković: "Humanism and Dialectic."
Nirmal Kumar Bose: "Gandhi: Humanist and Socialist."
Herbert Marcuse: "Socialist Humanism?"
Eugene Kamenka: "Marxian Humanism and the Crisis in Socialist Ethics."
Umberto Cerroni: "Socialist Humanism and Science."
II. On Man.
Adam Schaff: "Marxism and the Philosophy of Man."
Milan Průcha: "Marxism and the Existential Problems of Man."
Karel Kosíc: "Man and Philosophy."
Marek Fritzhand: "Marx's Ideal of Man."
Bronislaw Baczko: "Marx and the Idea of the Universality of Man."
Danilo Pejović: "On the Power and Importance of Philosophy."
Maximilien Rubel: "Reflections on Utopia and Revolution."
Ernst Bloch: "Man and Citizen According to Marx."
Erich Fromm: "The Application of Humanist Psychoanalysis to Marx's Theory."
III. On Freedom.
Bertrand Russell: "In Praise of Idleness."
Irving Fetscher: "Marx's Concretization of the Concept of Freedom."
Gajo Petrović: "Man and Freedom."
Rudi Supek: "Freedom and Polydeterminism in the Criticism of Culture."
IV. On Alienation.
Predrag Vranicki: "Socialism and the Problem of Alienation."
Oskar Schatz and Ernst Florian Winter: "Alienation, Marxism, and Humanism (A Christian Viewpoint)."
Mathilde Niel: "The Phenomenology of Technology Liberation or Alienation of Man?"
V. On Practice.
Norman Thomas: "Humanistic Socialism and the Future."
Wolfgang Abendroth: "Planning and the Classless Society."
Richard M. Titmuss: "Social Welfare and the Art of Giving."
T.B. Bottomore: "Industry, Work, and Socialism."
Sir Stephen King-Hall: "Personal Liberty in an Affluent Society."
Paul Medow: "The Humanistic Ideals of the Enlightenment and Mathematical Economics."
Danilo Dolci: "Reflections on Planning and Groups, Decentralization and Planning."
Galvano della Volpe: "The Legal Philosophy of Socialism."
"The Triple Revolution."1966. You Shall Be as Gods: A Radical Interpretation of the Old Testament and Its Tradition. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Foreword.
1. Introduction.
2. The Concept of God.
3. The Concept of Man.
4. The Concept of History.
5. The Concept of Sin and Repentance.
6. The Way: Halakhah.
7. The Psalms.
8. Epilogue.
9. Appendix: Psalm 22 and the Passion.
Index.1968. The Revolution of Hope: Toward a Humanized Technology. Harper & Row.
Foreword.
I. The Crossroads.
II. Hope.
1. What Hope is Not.
2. The Paradox and Nature of Hope.
3. Faith.
4. Fortitude.
5. Resurrection.
6. Messianic Hope.
7. The Shattering of Hope.
III. Where are We Now and Where are We Headed?
1. Where are We Now?
2. The Vision of the Dehumanized Society of A.D. 2000.
3. The Present Technological Society.
IV. What Does it Mean to Be Human?
1. Human Nature and Its Various Manifestations.
2. The Conditions of Human Existence.
3. The Need for Frames of Orientation and Devotion.
4. Survival and Trans-survival Needs.
5. "Humane Experiences."
6. Values and Norms.
V. Steps to the Humanization of Technological Society.
1. General Premises.
2. Humanistic Planning.
3. Activation and Liberation of Energies.
4. Humanized Consumption.
5. Psychospiritual Renewal.
VI. Can We Do It?
1. Some Conditions.
2. A Movement.1968. The Nature of Man: Readings Selected, Edited, and Furnished with an Introductory Essay by Erich Fromm and Ramón Xirau. Macmillion Pub. Co.
Foreword.
Introduction.
The Upanishads.
Guatama.
Shin'Ichi Hisamatsu.
The Bible.
Heraclitus.
Empedocles.
Sophocles.
Socrates and Plato.
Aristotle.
Lucretius.
Epictetus.
Plotinus.
Sextus Empiricus.
Saint Gregory of Nyssa.
Saint Augustine.
Saint Thomas Aquinas.
Meister Eckhart.
Nicolaus Cusanus.
Marsilio Ficino.
Pietro Pomponazzi.
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
Erasmus of Rotterdam.
Martin Luther.
Thomas More.
Juan Luis Vives.
Parcelsus.
Saint Teresa of Avila.
Saint John of the Cross.
Michel de Montaigne.
René Descartes.
Baruch Spinoza.
Blaise Pascal.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
Francis Bacon.
Thomas Hobbes.
John Locke.
David Hume.
Giambattista Vico.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Immanuel Kant.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
Johann Gottfried Herder.
Jeremy Bentham.
Arthur Schopenhauer.
Auguste Comte.
Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Ludwig Feuerbach.
Karl Marx.
Søren Kierkegaard.
Friedrich Nietzsche.
William James.
John Dewey.
Sigmund Freud.
Carl Gustav Jung.
Henri Bergson.
Edmund Husserl.
Alfred North Whitehead.
Miguel de Unamuno.
Antonio Machado.
Max Scheler.
Nicolas Berdyaev.
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.
José Ortega y Gasset.
Martin Heidegger.
Francisco Romero.
Lewis Mumford.
Erich Fromm.
Jean Paul Sartre.
Simone Weil.
Edith Stein.
Adam Schaff.
David Riesman.
Bibliography.1970. The Crisis of Psychoanalysis: Essays on Freud, Marx, and Social Psychology. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Preface.
1. The Crisis of Psychoanalysis.
2. Freud's Model of Man and Its Social Determinants.
3. Marx's Contribution to the Knowledge of Man.
4. Humanistic Planning.
5. The Oedipus Complex: Comments on the Case of Little Hans.
6. The Significance of the Theory of Mother Right for Today.
7. The Theory of Mother Right and Its Relevance for Social Psychology.
8. The Method and Function of an Analytic Social Psychology.
9. Psychoanalytic Characterology and Its Relevance for social Psychology.
Epilogue.1970. Social Character in a Mexican Village: A Sociopsychoanalytic Study. Erich Fromm and Michael Maccoby. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Foreword.
1. The Social Character of the Peasant and Problems of Methodology.
The Peasant.
The Dynamic Concept of Character.
The Social Character.
The Method.
2. A Mexican Peasant Village.
The Past and the Present.
The Hacienda.
The Inner Life of the Villagers.
3. A Socioeconomic and Cultural Picture of the Village.
Age, Place of Birth, and Family Groupings.
Literacy and Schooling.
Medical Care.
Occupation.
Land Tenure.
Housing.
Other Capital Possessions.
Consumer Goods.
The Socioeconomic Scale.
Class and Participation in Village Affairs.
Participation in Religious and Cultural Activities.
4. The Theory of Character Orientations.
Types of Character: The Nonproductive Orientations.
The Productive Orientation.
Orientations in the Process of Socialization.
Incestuous Ties.
Blends of Various Orientations.
Sociopolitical Orientations.
5. The Character of the Villagers.
Variables of Scoring Character.
The Distribution of Character Traits.
The Factor Analysis.
The Meaning of Factor Scores and Factor Loadings.
The Six Factors.
Factor I--Adulthood vs. Adolescence.
Factor II--Productiveness vs. Unproductiveness.
Factor III--Exploitativenes vs. Nonexploitativeness.
Factor IV--Hoarding vs. Receptive Modes of Assimilation.
Factor V--Sex Role (Masculinity vs. Feminity)
Factor VI--Mother-Centered vs. Father-Centered Orientations.
Conclusion: Social Character.
6. Character, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Variables.
Character and the Mode of Production.
The Nonejidatario.
Class and Character.
The Character of Women and Socioeconomic Variables.
Character and Education.
Character and Religious and Cultural Activities.
Conclusion.
7. Sex and Character.
Productive and Unproductive Men and Women.
The Relationship Between Men and Women.
The Challenge to Patriarchy.
8. Alcoholism.
Cultural Vulnerability.
Psychological Vulnerability.
Receptive Character.
Machismo, Narcissism and Sadism.
The Mother Fixation.
The Abstainers.
Psychosocial Vulnerability: The Undermined Patriarchy.
Economic Vulnerability.
9. The Formation of Character in Childhood.
Infancy.
Early Childhood.
Middle Childhood to Adolescence.
The Villager at the End of Childhood.
Comparison of Character of Children and Adults.
Character Factors in Childhood.
Correlations of Parental and Child Characters.
Correlations of Parental and Adult Offspring Characters.
10. Possibilities of Change: Character and Cooperation.
Cooperation in the Village.
Anticooperative Attitudes.
Possibilities for Cooperation.
The Village Boys' Club.
11. Conclusions.
The Method.
The Theory of Social Character.
Outlook.
Appendix A: The Interpretative Questionnaire and Examples of Scoring.
Appendix B: Scoring Agreement and the Use of the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Tests.
Bibliography.
Index.1973. The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Preface.
Terminology.
Introduction: Instincts and Human Passions.
Part One: Instinctivism, Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis.
1. The Instictivists.
The Older Instinctivists.
The Neoinstinctivists: Sigmund Freud and Konrad Lorenz.
Freud's Concept of Aggression.
Lorenz's Theory of Aggression.
Freud and Lorenz: Their Similarities and Differences.
2. Environmentalists and Behaviorists.
Enlightenment Environmentalism.
Behaviorism.
B.F. Skinner's Neobehaviorism.
Goals and Values.
The Reasons for Skinnerism's Popularity.
Behaviorism and Aggression.
On Psychological Experiments.
The Frustration-Aggression Theory.
3. Instinctivism and Behaviorism: Their Differences and Similarities.
A Common Ground.
More Recent Views.
The Political and Social Background of Both Theories.
4. The Psychoanalytic Approach to the Understanding of Aggression.
Part Two: The Evidence Against the Instinctivist Thesis.
5. Neurophysiology.
The Relationship of Psychology to Neurophysiology.
The Brain as a Basis for Aggressive Behavior.
The Defensive Function of Aggression.
The "Flight" Instinct.
Predation and Aggression.
6. Animal Behavior.
Aggression in Captivity.
Human Aggression and Crowding.
Aggression in the Wild.
Territorialism and Dominance.
Aggressiveness Among Other Animals.
Has Man an Inhibition Against Killing?
7. Paleontology.
Is Man One Species?
Is Man a Predatory Animal?
8. Anthropology.
"Man the Hunter"--The Anthropological Adam?
Aggression and Primitive Hunters.
Primitive Hunters--The Affluent Society?
Primitive Warfare.
The Neolithic Revolution.
Prehistoric Societies and "Human Nature."
The Urban Revolution.
Aggressiveness in Primitive Cultures.
Analysis of Thirty Primitive Tribes.
System A: Life-Affirmative Societies.
System B: Nondestructive-Aggressive Societies.
System C: Destructive Societies.
Examples of the Three Systems.
The Evidence of Destructiveness and Cruelty.
Part Three: The Varieties of Aggression and Destructiveness and Their Respective Conditions.
9. Benign Aggression.
Preliminary Remarks.
Pseudoaggression.
Accidental Aggression.
Playful Aggression.
Self-Assertive Aggression.
Defensive Aggression.
Difference Between Animals and Man.
Aggression and Freedom.
Aggression and Narcissism.
Aggression and Resistance.
Conformist Aggression.
Instrumental Aggression.
On the Causes of War.
The Conditions for the Reduction of Defensive Aggression.
10. Malignant Aggression: Premises.
Preliminary Remarks.
Man's Nature.
The Existential Needs of Man and the Various Character-Rooted Passions.
A Frame of Orientation and Devotion.
Rootedness.
Unity.
Effectiveness.
Excitation and Stimulation.
Chronic Depression-Boredom.
Character Structure.
Conditions for the Development of Character-Rooted Passions.
Neurophysiological Conditions.
Social Conditions.
On the Rationality and Irrationality of Instincts and Passions.
Psychical Functions of the Passions.
11. Malignant Aggression: Cruelty and Destructiveness.
Apparent Destructiveness.
Spontaneous Forms.
The Historical Record.
Vengeful Destructiveness.
Ecstatic Destructiveness.
The Worship of Destructiveness.
Kern, von Salomon: A Clinical Case of Destruction Idolatry.
The Destructive Character: Sadism.
Examples of Sexual Sadism/Masochism.
Joseph Stalin: A Clinical Case of Nonsexual Sadism.
The Nature of Sadism.
Conditions that Generate Sadism.
Heinrich Himmler: A Clinical Case of Anal-Hoarding Sadism.
12. Malignant Aggression: Necrophilia.
The Traditional Concept.
The Necrophilous Character.
Necrophilic Dreams.
"Unintended" Necrophilic Actions.
The Necrophiliac's Language.
The Connection Between Necrophilia and the Worship of Technique.
Hypothesis on Incest and the Oedipus Complex.
The Relation of Freud's Life and Death Instincts to Biophilia and Necrophilia.
Clinical/Methodological Principles.
13. Malignant Aggression: Adolf Hitler, a Clinical Case of Necrophilia.
Preliminary Remarks.
Hitler's Parentage and Early Years.
Klara Hitler.
Alois Hitler.
From Infancy to Age 6 (1889-1895).
Childhood Ages 6 to 11 (1895-1900).
Preadolescence and Adolescence: Ages 11 to 17 (1900-1906).
Vienna (1907-1913).
Munich.
A Comment on Methodology.
Hitler's Destructiveness.
Repression of Destructiveness.
Other Aspects of Hitler's Personality.
Relations to Women.
Gifts and Talents.
Veneer.
Defects of Will and Realism.
Epilogue: On the Ambiguity of Hope.
Appendix: Freud's Theory of Aggressiveness and Destructiveness.
Bibliography.
Index.1976. To Have or to Be? Harper & Row.
Foreword.
Introduction: The Great Promise, Is Failure, and New Alternatives.
The End of an Illusion.
Why Did the Great Promise Fail?
The Economic Necessity for Human Change.
Is There an Alternative to Catastrophe?
Part One: Understanding the Difference Between Having and Being.
I. A First Glance.
The Importance of the Difference Between Having and Being.
Examples in Various Poetic Expressions.
Idiomatic Changes.
Origin of Terms.
Philosophical Concepts of Being.
Having and Consuming.
II. Having and Being in Daily Experience.
Learning.
Remembering.
Conversing.
Reading.
Exercising Authority.
Having Knowledge and Knowing.
Faith.
Loving.
III. Having and Being in the Old and New Testaments and in the Writings of Master Eckhart.
The Old Testament.
The New Testament.
Master Eckhart (1260-c. 1327)
Part Two: Analyzing the Fundamental Differences Between the Two Modes of Existence.
IV. What is the Having Mode?
The Acquisitive Society--Basis for the Having Mode.
The Nature of Having.
Other Factors Supporting the Having Mode.
The Having Mode and the Anal Character.
Asceticism and Equality.
Existential Having.
V. What is the Being Mode?
Being Active.
Activity and Passivity.
Being as Reality.
The Will to Give, to Share, to Sacrifice.
VI. Further Aspects of Having and Being.
Security--Insecurity.
Solidarity--Antagonism.
Joy--Pleasure.
Sin and Forgiveness.
Fear of Dying--Affirmation of Living.
Here, Now--Past, Future.
Part Three: The New Man and the New Society.
VII. Religion, Character, and Society.
The Foundations of Social Character.
Social Character and "Religious" Needs.
Is the Western World Christian?
The Humanist Protest.
VIII. Conditions for Human Change and the Features of the New Man.
The New Man.
IX. Features of the New Society.
A New Science of Man.
The New Society: Is There a Reasonable Chance?
Bibliography.
Index.1980. Greatness and Limitations of Freud’s Thought. Harper & Row.
Preface.
1. The Limitations of Scientific Knowledge.
The Reason Why Every New Theory is Necessarily Faulty.
The Roots of Freud's Errors.
The Problem of Scientific "Truth."
Freud's Scientific Method.
2. The Greatness and Limitations of Freud's Discoveries.
The Discovery of the Unconscious.
The Oedipus Complex.
Transference.
Narcissism.
Character.
The Significance of Childhood.
3. Freud's Theory of Dream Interpretation.
Greatness and Limitations of Freud's Discovery of Dream Interpretation.
The Role of Associations in Dream Interpretation of His Own Dreams.
The Limitations of Freud's Interpretation of His Own Dreams.
Symbolic Language in Dreams.
The Relations of the Function of Sleeping to Dream Activity.
4. Freud's Instinct Theory and Its Critique.
The Development of the Instinct Theory.
Analysis of the Instictivistic Assumptions.
Critique of Freud's Instinct Theory.
5. Why was Psychoanalysis Transformed from a Radical Theory to One of Adaptation?
Bibliography.
Index.1981. On Disobedience and Other Essays. The Seabury Press.
"Foreword" by Annis Fromm.
I. Values, Psychology, and Human Existence. 1959.
II. Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem. 1963.
III. The Application of Humanist Psychoanalysis to Marx's Theory. 1965.
IV. Prophets and Priests. 1967.
V. Let Man Prevail. 1960.
VI. Humanist Socialism. 1960.
VII. The Psychological Aspects of the Guaranteed Income. 1966.
VIII. The Case for Unilateral Disarmament. 1960.
IX. The Psychological Problems of Aging. 1966.1984. The Working Class in Weimar Germany: A Psychological and Sociological Study. Berg Publishers Limited.
A Note on the Editor.
"Critical Theory and Empirical Social Research: Some Observations." Wolfgang Bonss.
"The Working Class in Weimar Germany: a Psychological and Sociological Study. Erich Fromm.
I. Aims and Methods.
II. The Social and Political Situation of the Respondents.
III. Political, Social and Cultural Attitudes.
IV. Personality Types and Political Attitudes.
Appendices.
1. "Literary Style and Personality Traits." Ernst Schachtel.
2. The Questionnaire.
3. Select Bibliography.
4. "Editorial Comments." Wolfgang Bonss.
5. List of Tables.
Abbreviations.1986. For the Love of Life. Edited by Hans Jürgen Schultz. The Free Press.
"Foreword," by Hans Jürgen Schultz. 1983.
Affluence and Ennui in Our Society.
The Passive Personality.
Ennui in Modern Society.
Manufactured Needs.
The Crisis of the Patriarchal Order.
The Fiasco of Religion.
Expanding the Range of Human Growth.
On the Origins of Aggression.
Dreams are the Universal Language of Man. 1972.
Psychology for Nonpsychologists. 1974.
Premodern and Modern Psychology.
Sigmund Freud's Three Basic Concepts.
Further Developments of Psychoanalysis.
In the Name of Life: A Portrait Through Dialogue. With Hans Jürgen Schultz. 1974.
"Hitler--Who was He and What Constituted Resistance Against Him?" With Hans Jürgen Schultz. 1974.
The Relevance of the Prophets for Us Today. 1975.
Who is Man?
Index.1992. The Revision of Psychoanalysis. Edited by Rainer Funk. Westview Press.
"Foreword," by Rainer Funk.
1. On My Psychoanalytic Approach.
2. The Dialectic Revision of Psychoanalysis.
The Necessity for the Revision of Psychoanalysis.
Subject and Method of the Revision of Psychoanalysis.
Aspects of a Revised Theory of Drives.
Revision of the Theory of the Unconscious and the Repressed.
The Relevance of Society, Sexuality, and the Body in a Revised Psychoanalysis.
The Revision of Psychoanalytic Theory.
3. Sexuality and Sexual Perversions.
Aspects of the Sexual Liberation Movement.
The Sexual Perversions and Their Evaluation.
The Revision of Perversions, Using Sadism as an Example.
4. The Alleged Radicalism of Herbert Marcuse.
Marcuse's Understanding of Freud.
The Concept of Perversions.
The Idealization of Hopelessness.
Bibliography.
About the Book.
Name Index.
Subject Index.1994. The Art of Being. Continuum International Publishing Group, Inc.
Editor's Foreword.
PART I
1. On the Art of Being.
PART II
2. Great Shams.
3. Trivial Talk.
4. No Effort, No Pain.
5. Antiauthoritarianism.
PART III
6. To Will One Thing.
7. To Be Awake.
8. To Be Aware.
9. To Concentrate.
10. To Meditate.
PART IV.
11. Psychoanalysis and Self-Awareness.
12. Self-Analysis.
13. Methods of Self-Analysis.
PART V
14. On the Culture of Having.
15. On the Philosophy of Having.
16. On the Psychology of Having.
PART VI
17. From Having to Well-Being.
Bibliography.
Index.1994. The Art of Listening. Edited by Rainer Funk. Constable & Co.
"Editor's Foreword," by Rainer Funk.
I. Factors Leading to Patient's Change in Analytic Treatment.
1. Curing Factors According to Sigmund Freud and My Critique.
2. Benign and Malignant Neuroses--with a Case History of Benign Neurosis.
3. Constitutional and Other Factors for Cure.
II. Therapeutic Aspects of Psychoanalysis.
4. What is Psychoanalysis?
5. Preconditions for Therapeutic Cure.
6. Factors Leading to Therapeutic Effect.
7. About the Therapeutic Relationship.
8. Functions and Methods of the Psychoanalytic Process.
9. Christiane: A Case History with Remarks on Therapeutic Method and on Understanding Dreams.
10. Specified Methods to Cure Modern Character Neuroses.
11. Psychoanalytic "Technique"--or, the Art of Listening.
Bibliography.
Index.1994. On Being Human. Edited by Rainer Funk. Continuum.
"Editor's Foreword," by Rainer Funk.
I. The Humanistic Alternative.
1. Modern Man and the Future.
Stages in the Development of Western Man.
Alienation as a Disease of Modern Man.
Indifference as a New Manifestation of Evil.
The Alternative: A Renaissance of Humanism.
2. The Psychological Problem of Man in Modern Society.
3. What I Do Not Like in Contemporary Society.
4. The Disintegration of Societies.
The Nature of Systems.
On Disintegration of Social Systems.
Disintegration of Reintegration of Contemporary Society.
5. The Search for a Humanistic Alternative.
Where are We Moving to?
The Conditions for a Humanist-Activist Alternative.
The Necessity for an Alternative Movement.
6. A New Humanism as a Condition for the One World.
The History of the Idea of Humanism.
The Relevance of Humanism for Today.
II. Humanistic Initiatives and Confessions.
7. The Idea of a World Conference.
8. Campaign for Eugene McCarthy.
9. On the Common Struggle against Idolatry.
10. Some Beliefs of Man, in Man, for Man.
11. Remarks on the Relations between Germans and Jews.
III. Meister Eckhart and Karl Marx on Having and Being.
Introduction.
12. Meister Eckhart.
On the Understanding of His Ideas.
On Having and Being.
The Sermon on Poverty.
13. Karl Marx.
The "Religious" Interests of Marx.
Excursus: Religion and the Concept of God.
Humanism as Secular Messianism.
Having and Being, According to Marx.
14. The Common "Religious" Concern.
The Tradition of Mysticism.
Atheistic Religiousity.
Bibliography.
Index.1995. The Essential Erich Fromm. Edited by Rainer Funk. Continuum.
"Editor's Foreword," by Rainer Funk.
On the Art of Living.
Human Alienation.
Market Economy and Its Effects on People.
Reason and Intelligence.
The Split between Affect and Intellect.
Love as a Commodity.
Origins of the Having Mode of Existence.
Patriarchal Society.
Private Property.
Having Mode and Language.
To Have or to Be?
Having versus Being.
The Nature of the Having Mode of Existence.
Having and Possessiveness.
The Nature of the Being Mode of Existence.
Being and Productivity.
Essentials of a Life Between Having and Being.
Consumerism (as a Compensation of Anxiety and Depressiveness) versus the Joy of Life.
Busyness (as a Compensation of Passiveness) versus Productive Activity.
Destructiveness (as a Compensation of Boredom) versus Creativity.
Narcissism (as a Compensation of Selflessness) versus Productive Self-Experience.
Idolatry (as a Compensation for Unbelief) versus Humanistic Religiousness.
Denial of Death (as a Compensation of Fear of Death) versus Love of Life.
Steps Toward Being.
The Will for Character Changes.
Changes of Practice for Life.
Transformation of Humankind.
Bibliography.
Sources and Copyrights.1997. Love, Sexuality, and Matriarchy: About Gender. Edited by Rainer Funk. Fromm International Publishing Co.
"Editor's Introduction," by Rainer Funk.
Mother Right and Male Creation.
1. Bachofen's Discovery of the Mother Right. 1955.
2. The Theory of Mother Right and Its Relevance for Social Psychology. 1934.
3. The Male Creation. 1933.
4. Robert Briffault's Book on Mother Right. 1933.
5. The Significance of the Theory of Mother Right for Today. 1970.
Sex Differences and Character.
6. Sex and Character. 1943.
7. Man-Woman. 1951.
Gender and Sexuality.
8. Sexuality and Character. 1948.
9. Changing Concepts of Homosexuality. 1940.
Social Character and Love.
10. Selfishness and Self-Love. 1939.
11. Do We Still Love Life? 1967.
Bibliography.
Sources and Copyrights.1999. The Erich Fromm Reader. Edited by Rainer Funk. Humanity Books.
"Foreword to the English Edition," by Joel Kovel.
Acknowledgements.
"Introduction," by Rainer Funk.
Part I: Studying the Social Unconsciousness.
1. The Approach to a Psychoanalytic Social Psychology.
2. Social Psychology as a Combination of Psychoanalysis and Historical Materialism.
3. The Dynamic Concept of Character.
4. The Social Character and Its Functions.
Part II: The Discovery of Different Social Characters.
5. The Authoritarian Character.
6. The Marketing Orientation.
7. The Necrophilous Character.
Part III: The Study of Mother Right and Its Significance for Social Psychology.
8. The Significance of the Theory of Mother Right for Today.
9. The Theory of Mother Right and Social Psychology.
Part IV: A New View of Society.
10. The Social Unconscious.
11. The Sick Society: On the Pathology of Normalcy.
12. Steps to a New Society.
Part V: Another View of Human Nature.
13. On the Search for the Nature of Man.
14. Freedom and the Growth of the Self.
15. The Art of Loving.
16. Self-Love, Selfishness, Selflessness.
Part VI: Faith in Humanity.
17. The Humanistic Credo.
18. Authoritarian versus Humanistic Religion.
19. Religious Experience and the Concept of God.
20. De-Repression and Enlightenment: Psychoanalysis and Zen Buddhism.
Index.2010. Beyond Freud: From Individual to Social Psychoanalysis. American Mental Health Foundation Books.
Publisher's Foreword.
"Introduction," by Rainer Funk.
I. Man's Impulse Structure and Its Relation to Culture.
1. Psychoanalytic Understanding of Social Phenomena.
a. The two principles of explanation according to Freud.
b. Freud's bourgeois concept of man.
c. Critique on Freud's reductionism.
2. The Social Psychoanalytic Approach and Its Relevance for Psychoanalytic Theory.
a. The revision of the Oedipus complex, the concept of primary narcissism, and the psychology of women.
b. The revision of the role family has.
c. The revision of the theory of drives.
3. The Difference in Psychoanalytic Theory Illustrated on the Anal Character.
a. It is not only a matter of sexuality and its derivates.
b. Freud's description and interpretation of the anal character.
c. The anal character as the outcome of being related to the outside world.
d. The relevance of different explanations of character genesis and their relevance for character typologies.
4. The Outcome of the Revised Psychoanalytic Theory: The Socially Formed Character.
a. The socially typical character representing the socially molded psychic structure of the individual.
b. The function of the socially typical character.
5. Analytic Social Psychology Compared with Other Approaches.
a. Approaches to exploring "the spirit" of society.
b. The theory of historical materialism.
c. The concept of "habits" in American social psychology.
II. Psychic Needs and Society. (Lecture 1956).
III. Dealing with the Unconscious in Psychotherapeutic Practice. (Three Lectures 1959).
1. My Understanding of What is Being Unconscious.
2. Alienation as a Particular Form of Unconscious.
3. Implications for Being Related to the Patient.
a. How we should not be related to the patient.
b. Premises for understanding the patient.
c. Being centrally related to the patient.
d. Being aware of the own mode of relatedness.
4. About the First Sessions.
5. Aspects of the Therapeutic Process.
IV. The Relevance of Psychoanalysis for the Future. (Lecture 1975).
1. Why Theories are Necessarily Faulty.
2. Freud's Discoveries and Their Limitations.
a. Freud's concept of science.
b. Freud's discovery of unconscious conflicts.
c. Repression of sexuality.
d. Transference and the concept of character.
Bibliography.2010. The Pathology of Normalcy. American Mental Health Foundation Books.
Publisher's Foreword.
"Introduction," by Rainer Funk.
I. Modern Man's Pathology of Normalcy. (Four Lectures Given at the New School for Social Research in 1953).
1. Mental Health in the Modern World.
a. What is mental health?
b. Principles and attitudes of modern society.
c. Human conditions and psychic needs.
d. Mental health and the need for religion.
2. The Frame of Reference and Devotion in Contemporary Culture.
a. The religious vacuum.
b. About the concept of work.
c. The worship of production and consumption.
d. About happiness and security.
3. Alienation and the Problem of Mental Health.
a. Alienation and abstractification.
b. Alienated experience.
c. Alienated language.
d. Alienated feelings and sentimentality.
e. Mental health and being related.
f. Alienation and boredom.
g. Alienation in politics.
h. Alienated thinking.
i. Alienated loving.
4. Ways to Overcome the Insane Society.
a. Socialist's vision and its distortion.
b. What can be done?
II. The Concept of Mental Health.
1. Prevailing Concepts of Mental Health.
2. Mental Health and Evolutionary Thinking.
3. My Own Concept of Mental Health.
a. Overcoming narcissism.
b. Overcoming alienation.
c. Overcoming necrophilia.
d. Social determinants of mental health.
III. The Humanistic Science of Man.
1. Preliminary Considerations.
2. General Aims.
3. Specific Aims.
4. General Remarks.
IV. Is Man Lazy by Nature?
1. The Axiom of Man's Inherited Laziness.
a. Socioeconomic aspects of the axiom.
b. Scientific aspects of the axiom.
c. Work and the axiom of man's innate passivity.
2. The Evidence against the Axiom.
a. Neurophysiological evidence.
b. Evidence by experiments in animals.
c. Evidence by social psychological experiments.
d. Evidence by dreaming.
e. Evidence by child development.
f. Evidence by psychology.
Bibliography.